Contribution of magnetic resonance sounding to aquifer characterization and recharge estimate in semiarid Niger   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

J.M. Vouillamoz  G. Favreau  S. Massuel  M. Boucher  Y. Nazoumou  A. Legchenko 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2008,64(3-4):99-108

To improve the knowledge of the regionally important Continental Terminal 3 (CT3) aquifer in south-western Niger, fifteen magnetic resonance soundings (MRS) were carried out in December 2005 in the vicinity of wells and boreholes. The output MRS geophysical parameters, i.e. water content and decay constants versus depth, were compared to hydrogeological characteristics, i.e. water table depth, total porosity, specific yield and transmissivity estimated from direct measurements, pumping tests and transient groundwater modelling. The MRS-determined parameters were then used to estimate the rates of groundwater recharge.Contained in poorly consolidated Tertiary sandstones, the CT3 aquifer's water table has continuously risen by 4 m in total over the past four decades. Additionally, a significant portion of this increase has occurred in the past decade alone, with an annual rise now ranging between 0.1 and 0.3 m depending on the monitored well. Increase in groundwater recharge due to land clearance and deforestation explains this situation. According to previous estimations, the pre-clearing recharge ranged from 1 to 5 mm per year in 1950–60 s, while more recent recharge rates (1990s–2000s) range from 20 to 50 mm per year. These recharge values are directly affected by estimated aquifer specific yield value, while the spatial variation of rates of water table rise can be attributed to large scale hydrodynamic heterogeneities in the aquifer. However, few field measurements were available to confirm these assumptions.The main results of this study are: (1) The water table depth and aquifer transmissivity are estimated from MRS output parameters with an average accuracy of ± 10% and ± 9% respectively. (2) The MRS-determined water content is linked to both the total porosity and the specific yield of the aquifer, but no quantitative formulation can be proposed as yet. (3) Using the average MRS-determined water content over the investigated area, i.e. 13%, the groundwater recharge rates can be estimated to be ~ 2 mm per year in the 1950–1960s (pre-clearing period), and ~ 23 mm per year for the last decade. (4) The variations in specific yield and transmissivity cannot explain by themselves the spatial variability of the rise of the water table. (5) The ranges in transmissivity and water content obtained from MRS are more realistic than the groundwater modelling outputs. Therefore, MRS could be used to better constrain the aquifer parameters in groundwater modelling with a dense site network.Finally, this work illustrates how MRS can successfully improve characterisation and transient multi-year groundwater balance of commonly found sedimentary aquifers, particularly when integrated with well observations and pumping tests.  相似文献   

Using a groundwater quality negotiation support system to change land-use management near a drinking-water abstraction in the Netherlands     

Cors van den Brink  Willem Jan Zaadnoordijk  Bas van der Grift  Peter C. de Ruiter  Jasper Griffioen 《Journal of Hydrology》2008,350(3-4):339-356

A negotiation support system (NSS) was developed to solve groundwater conflicts that arose during land-use management. It was set up in cooperation with the stakeholders involved to provide information on the impact of land use, e.g., agriculture, nature (forested areas), recreation, and urban areas, on the quality of both infiltrating and abstracted groundwater. This NSS combined simulation programs that calculate (1) the concentrations of nitrate in shallow groundwater for each land-use area and (2) the transport of nitrate in the groundwater-saturated zone. The user interface of the NSS enabled scenario analyses. The NSS was validated at a drinking-water abstraction near Holten (the Netherlands) using a spatial planning process aimed at sustainable land-use and groundwater-resource management. Two land-use scenarios were considered: a base scenario reflecting the autonomous development and an adapted land-use scenario. The calculated results for shallow groundwater provided an explicit spatial overview of the impact of historical land use and N application on the quality of abstracted groundwater as well as insight into the impact of changes in land use and N application. Visualization of the conflicting interests of agriculture and the drinking-water abstraction helped all stakeholders accept the necessary changes in land use identified by the adapted land-use scenario of the NSS. These changes were included in the preferred land-use management option in the regional planning process, which has since been formalized. The NSS provided system insight, scoping analyses, and education, in addition to generating quantitative information on the impact of land-use functions on groundwater quality.  相似文献   

Groundwater discharge along a channelized Coastal Plain stream   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Danita M. LaSage  Joshua L. Sexton  Abhijit Mukherjee  Alan E. Fryar  Stephen F. Greb 《Journal of Hydrology》2008,360(1-4):252-264

In the Coastal Plain of the southeastern USA, streams have commonly been artificially channelized for flood control and agricultural drainage. However, groundwater discharge along such streams has received relatively little attention. Using a combination of stream- and spring-flow measurements, spring temperature measurements, temperature profiling along the stream-bed, and geologic mapping, we delineated zones of diffuse and focused discharge along Little Bayou Creek, a channelized, first-order perennial stream in western Kentucky. Seasonal variability in groundwater discharge mimics hydraulic-head fluctuations in a nearby monitoring well and spring-discharge fluctuations elsewhere in the region, and is likely to reflect seasonal variability in recharge. Diffuse discharge occurs where the stream is incised into the semi-confined regional gravel aquifer, which is comprised of the Mounds Gravel. Focused discharge occurs upstream where the channel appears to have intersected preferential pathways within the confining unit. Seasonal fluctuations in discharge from individual springs are repressed where piping results in bank collapse. Thereby, focused discharge can contribute to the morphological evolution of the stream channel.  相似文献   

Spatial variability of N₂O concentrations and of denitrification-related factors in the surficial groundwater of a catchment in Northern Germany     

C. von der Heide  J. Bttcher  M. Deurer  D. Weymann  R. Well  W.H.M. Duijnisveld 《Journal of Hydrology》2008,360(1-4):230-241

N₂O concentrations and denitrification-related factors (NO₃, SO₄, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and CO₂) were investigated in the surface groundwater of a catchment in northern Germany, the Fuhrberger Feld Aquifer (FFA). We sampled 79 plots that were selected according to the three criteria of land use, historical land use conversion (1954–1995) and groundwater level. We sampled three sites within each plot. The sampling depth was 0.5 m below the groundwater surface.We found no indication for the occurrence of autotrophic denitrification in the surface groundwater. Heterotrophic denitrification was identified as the main process for N₂O accumulation. The variability of N₂O concentrations on the plot-scale was extremely high and was poorly explained by the three sampling criteria. Other denitrification-related variables such as NO₃, SO₄ and DOC were less variable. The selection criteria land use and groundwater level clearly influenced the order of magnitude of N₂O concentrations in the surface groundwater. Under arable land, high NO₃ concentrations resulted in high N₂O concentrations. The surface groundwater under forest and pasture was almost NO₃-free and had also very small N₂O concentrations. Plots where the distance from the soil surface to the groundwater surface was large (>1 m up to 3.4 m) showed higher N₂O concentrations in the surface groundwater than plots where the distance was small (<1 m). A larger distance from the soil surface to the groundwater leads to a longer residence time and more decomposition of DOC in the soil. Consequently the less bioavailable DOC could inhibit the efficiency of the heterotrophic denitrification in the groundwater, yielding more N₂O. Elevated organic carbon levels in plots with historic land use conversion (pasture to arable) were very stable and did not influence N₂O concentrations. The high within plot variability showed that an upscaling of N₂O from the plot-scale to the catchment-scale is possible as long as the groundwater level regime and the land use do not change.  相似文献   

小江断裂带地下流体记震能力分析     

孙小龙  王博 《华南地震》2008,28(4):18-26

收集并整理了云南地区小江断裂带附近十口流体观测井对印度尼西亚苏门答腊4次8级以上地震的响应资料．并对各观测井的记震能力及其流体测项间的响应协调性进行了统计分析。分析结果显示：物理量观测项的记震能力强于化学量观测项,水位测项的记震能力强于水温测项：小江断裂带南端各观测点的记震能力强于中部及北端各观测点：水位的同震响应形态多表现为震时振荡,而水温则多表现为震时脉冲下降。最后分析了记震协调性较好的高大、弥勒和嵩明三井的记震特征。  相似文献   

Rainfall and Obtaining Information Regarding Earthquake Development Processes from Groundwater Level     

Li Yong  Fang Wei  Ma Li 《中国地震研究》2008,22(1):52-61

Many factors can cause changes of groundwater level, such as the development process of an earthquake, rainfall, solid earth tides etc. Among these we are interested in information regarding earthquake development processes. Eliminating the influence of various disturbance factors is an effective way to obtain seismic development process information contained in the groundwater level. This paper provides two different ways to remove the rainfall effect, and compares the two methods by means of correlation analysis. Furthermore, based on these a logistic regression model is established to describe the seismicity level.  相似文献   

武都地电阻率在岷县5.2级地震前的异常变化     

高曙德  苏永刚  王君平  郝臻  王军燕  赵洁 《地震》2005,25(2):115-121

2003年11月岷县5.2级地震前武都台地电阻率资料出现了明显前兆异常, N85°E测道电阻率资料出现了典型的“勺形”变化, N73°W测道电阻率自2002年5月打破正常年变化形态, 2003年8月开始急剧升高。 研究结果认为, 从出现地电阻率异常到发震, 两测道各向异性变化明显, 各向异性度S′最大变化量超过了正常年变化的二倍。  相似文献   

溶地区公路建设对地下水环境的破坏形式及其保护策略研究——以贵州高原为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

程星  郭明  石方红 《中国岩溶》2005,24(2):164-168

通过对贵遵高速公路、老贵遵路、贵新路、兴关路、贵毕路、贵黄路、水黄路、水威路、以及在建的清黄路、崇遵路等水环境破坏的野外调查,总结出了贵州岩溶地区公路建设中地下水环境破坏的6种形式,即改变水流方向、阻断地下水补给源、截断地下水的径流路径、封堵地下水的排泄口、施工爆破造成的水环境破坏、复合型的水环境破坏类型,并结合不同岩溶地貌类型提出了相应的保护策略。   相似文献   

沙坡头地区农田灌溉和施肥对氮淋溶量影响的研究   总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4  

贾晓红  李新荣  肖洪浪 《中国沙漠》2005,25(2):223-227

对沙坡头农田不同土壤类型养分和水分供给下0~2 m土壤层淋溶液的分析结果表明:不同类型土壤氮淋溶量差异显著(P < 0.05);同一类型土壤随水肥供给强度的增加,氮淋溶有增加的趋势,特别是灌水次数、土壤水分含量处理和总灌溉量与氮淋溶量间有强正相关关系(P < 0.05);低灌溉水平,氮淋溶量与施肥间无显著相关关系,而高灌溉水平下施肥和灌溉均是主导因子;灌淤土保持田间持水量 40%及以下土壤水分所有施肥水平,氮淋溶量间差异不显著(P > 0.05);风沙土低水低肥(保持田间持水量20%土壤水分)处理与灌淤土保持田间持水量 40%及以下土壤水分处理所有施肥水平无显著差异(P > 0.05),而风沙土高水高肥处理与灌淤土所有水肥处理间差异均显著(P < 0.05),低水低肥将是风沙土最低的氮淋溶界限,在传统农业条件下对该类土壤进行改良是必要的。  相似文献   

河西走廊水资源利用现状与节水灌溉工程分析   总被引：17，自引：8，他引：9  

尉元明  朱丽霞  周跃武  张景平 《中国沙漠》2004,24(4):400-404

用节水灌溉方式替代落后的大水漫灌方式是降低成本增加效益和解决当地水资源供需矛盾的关键所在。作者依据河西走廊2000年调查资料, 对灌区水资源利用现状进行了分析, 并结合2005年节水灌溉发展规划, 对项目实施后的水资源与农作物产量、经济和区域可持续发展进行了分析和研究。  相似文献